Evaluación de la comunicación social para infantes de 6 a 18 meses: síntesis de mapeo sistemático

Evaluación de la comunicación social

Autores

Palavras-chave:

infantes, comunicación no verbal, desarrollo infantil, evaluación neuropsicológica

Resumo

As ferramentas de avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil para bebês e crianças pequenas são um recurso crucial para avaliar os marcos do desenvolvimento e, assim, garantir o monitoramento, o prognóstico e a intervenção precoce. A avaliação da comunicação social, usando instrumentos adequados, é preditiva do desenvolvimento infantil, tanto em crianças típicas quanto atípicas. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa é descrever a estrutura do conteúdo e analisar os instrumentos de avaliação infantil sensíveis aos marcos da comunicação social ou precursores linguísticos em bebês de 6 a 18 meses de idade, usados internacionalmente e na região da América Latina, disponíveis em espanhol, português e inglês. Para esse fim, sintetizamos e resumimos os resultados de dois mapeamentos sistemáticos anteriores, realizados de acordo com o método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Esses instrumentos incluem: 1) escalas ou testes de triagem do desenvolvimento infantil que abordam o domínio da comunicação social; e 2) ferramentas que avaliam a comunicação social ou determinados precursores linguísticos, como atenção conjunta, direção do olhar, tipos de gestos, interação social, coordenações percepto-motoras e uso de objetos, entre outros. Além disso, foram analisadas outras características relevantes dos instrumentos, como a perspectiva teórica subjacente e a disponibilidade de estudos de tradução e validação cultural para a região da América Latina, bem como sua utilidade clínica para o diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção no desenvolvimento infantil. No total, foram encontradas 18 escalas ou instrumentos de triagem, bem como 26 instrumentos de avaliação da comunicação social ou prelingüística, de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Desses últimos, 5 são voltados para a triagem inicial de sinais de Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). É apresentada uma síntese de instrumentos conhecidos e usados na América Latina para esses fins. A prevalência de instrumentos infantis em inglês é confirmada, e estudos de tradução, validação cultural e criação de novos instrumentos para a região da América Latina estão sendo desenvolvidos. A partir de uma abordagem crítica, são analisadas as vantagens e desvantagens do uso de instrumentos infantis para o diagnóstico do desenvolvimento infantil desde as idades mais precoces. Esta revisão fornece informações relevantes para a tomada de decisões por profissionais que trabalham com crianças desde a fase prelingüística e que enfrentam a demanda de monitorar o desenvolvimento infantil para fins clínicos e de pesquisa.

Biografia do Autor

Hansel , Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Doctor en Ciencias (Psicología). 

Gabriel, Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Estudiante de Psicología. 

Laura, Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Doctora en Psicología. 

Izabel, Laboratório de Pesquisa e Extensão em Neuropsicologia (LAPEN), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil.

Doctora en Psicología Cognitiva.

Carla, Centro Integrado de Neuropsicologia e Psicologia (CINAPSI), São Paulo, Brasil.

Doctora en Psicología. 

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Arquivos adicionais

Publicado

2025-04-18

Como Citar

Hansel, Gabriel, Laura, Izabel, & Carla. (2025). Evaluación de la comunicación social para infantes de 6 a 18 meses: síntesis de mapeo sistemático: Evaluación de la comunicación social . Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana, 17(2), 1–14. Recuperado de https://mail.neuropsicolatina.org/index.php/Neuropsicologia_Latinoamericana/article/view/928

Edição

Seção

Número Especial: Artículos del XVIII Congreso SLAN